When Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida made headlines just lately by undercutting U.S. help for Ukraine, Republican hawks, lots of whom cling to him as their solely hope to defeat former President Donald J. Trump, questioned if that they had misinterpret him as an ideological ally.

Mr. DeSantis ditched his earlier backing for Ukraine to align himself with the more and more nationalistic Republican base, which he might want to win the 2024 presidential major if he runs. However he was by no means the dedicated internationalist that some old-guard Republicans had needed or imagined him to be.

Till now, Mr. DeSantis served as a Rorschach check for Republicans. There was, conveniently, one thing in his file to please every of the celebration’s ideological factions, and he had each incentive to be all issues to all Republicans for so long as he might get away with it.

Hawks had claimed Mr. DeSantis as their very own for his fervent help of Israel and his denunciations of China, Iran, Cuba and Venezuela. And restraint-oriented Republicans had claimed Mr. DeSantis for his 2013 choice, as a congressman, to interrupt with Republican hawks and oppose President Barack Obama’s requests to intervene militarily in Syria.

But, regardless of his coverage shifts and inconsistencies — this week, he mentioned he had didn’t make himself clear on Ukraine and referred to as President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia a “warfare prison” — Mr. DeSantis’s worldview just isn’t a thriller.

Unusually for a governor, Mr. DeSantis, whose spokeswoman declined interview requests, has an extended paper path on international coverage. An in depth studying of greater than 200 of his speeches, votes, writings and tv commentaries over the previous decade, in addition to interviews along with his friends, reveal the makings of a DeSantis Doctrine.

‘Only a Jacksonian’

Tucked between the marketing campaign boilerplate in Mr. DeSantis’s new e book, “The Braveness to Be Free,” is a brief chapter describing how his service in Iraq, as an officer within the Navy Choose Advocate Common’s Corps, strengthened his doubts about former President George W. Bush’s “messianic impulse.”

“Bush sketched out a view for American international coverage that constituted Wilsonianism on steroids,” Mr. DeSantis writes, referring to former President Woodrow Wilson’s idealistic liberal internationalism after World Conflict I. He recollects his response to a line in Mr. Bush’s second inaugural handle: “The survival of liberty in our land more and more relies on the success of liberty in different lands.”

“I keep in mind being shocked,” Mr. DeSantis writes. “Does the survival of American liberty rely upon whether or not liberty succeeds in Djibouti?”

Mr. DeSantis’s evaluation of Mr. Bush’s try to make use of the navy to “socially engineer a international society” is the type of factor one hears from conservative elites who name themselves Jacksonians, after President Andrew Jackson, the Nineteenth-century populist. Although The New York Instances might discover no public file of the Florida governor describing himself as a Jacksonian, the phrase stored arising in interviews with individuals who know Mr. DeSantis.

“I believe he’s sort of dead-center the place Republican voters are, which is to say that he’s neither an isolationist nor a neoconservative, he’s only a Jacksonian,” mentioned David Reaboi, a conservative nationwide safety strategist whom Mr. DeSantis has hosted on the governor’s mansion.

Mr. Reaboi was referring to a 1999 essay by the educational Walter Russell Mead, “The Jacksonian Custom and American International Coverage,” which continues to be in heavy circulation on the mental proper. It defines a Jacksonian as having a slender conception of the U.S. nationwide curiosity: safety of its territory, its folks, its exhausting property and its industrial pursuits abroad.

A Jacksonian doesn’t dream of implanting “American values” on international soil. She or he believes that if the U.S. navy is to be deployed, it ought to use as a lot power as mandatory to attain a fast, clearly outlined “victory,” with as few American casualties as attainable. A Jacksonian cares little about lopsided casualty counts — as long as they’re in America’s favor — or about worldwide legislation.

In contrast to Mr. Trump, a fellow Jacksonian however one who operates on pure intuition and would by no means dream of struggling by a international coverage treatise, Mr. DeSantis has learn deeply and has shaped a philosophy about America’s place on the planet. However you’ll hardly ever hear Mr. DeSantis invoke summary values to justify using power — as a few of his potential 2024 rivals and present celebration leaders have carried out.

He has not framed the Ukraine warfare as a battle for “freedom,” as former Vice President Mike Pence has carried out, or as a mission to defend the post-World Conflict II worldwide safety framework, as Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the minority chief, has carried out. If Mr. DeSantis is elected president, there’s unlikely to be any extra Biden-esque speak of “autocracies versus democracies.” In Mr. DeSantis’s framing, these are the idealistic mutterings of a “Wilsonian.”

Mr. DeSantis’s former Home colleagues couldn’t recall him ever worrying about whether or not ladies acquired an schooling in Afghanistan or whether or not democracy might be unfold all through sub-Saharan Africa. As an alternative, they recall him expressing a hard-nosed and slender view of the American nationwide curiosity.

“After legislation college, Governor DeSantis didn’t take a Wall Avenue job or be part of a human rights N.G.O.,” mentioned Senator Tom Cotton of Arkansas, who served with Mr. DeSantis within the Home and stays near him. “He joined the navy, which each mirrored his worldview and doubtless additional formed it, as did his option to serve six years on the Home International Affairs Committee.”

Mr. DeSantis favors a sturdy U.S. navy. A President DeSantis would more than likely enhance navy spending; as a Home member, he spoke approvingly of Mr. Trump’s enhance of the Pentagon’s price range.

In Iraq, considered one of Mr. DeSantis’s jobs was to offer counsel to commanders on the foundations governing the battlefield. He noticed his function as being a “facilitator, not an inhibitor,” he writes in his new e book. He chafed at what he seen as overly restrictive guidelines of engagement.

“It’s unacceptable to ship somebody carrying our nation’s uniform to a fight zone with one hand tied behind his again,” Mr. DeSantis writes. “Conflict is hell, and it places the lives of our navy personnel in danger if operations get mired in paperwork and crimson tape.”

Mr. DeSantis’s Jacksonianism predates the presidency of Mr. Trump.

In 2013 and 2014, Mr. DeSantis broke with Republican hawks who had been encouraging Mr. Obama to intervene militarily in Syria. Mr. DeSantis rejected the concept of missile strikes to answer President Bashar al-Assad’s use of fuel. And he voted towards an modification that will have licensed Mr. Obama to coach and equip vetted Syrian rebels, as a result of “mujahedeen fighters in Syria should not moderates nor are they pro-American.”

Contempt for the State Division and the United Nations

Mr. DeSantis has typically cited the writings of the late conservative mental Angelo Codevilla — and specifically his 2010 e book, “The Ruling Class: How They Corrupted America and What We Can Do About It.”

Mr. Codevilla, whose e book got here out on the peak of the Tea Social gathering motion, describes a everlasting “ruling class” in Washington that appears down on the remainder of the nation and “makes choices about warfare and peace a minimum of as a lot forcibly to tinker with the innards of international our bodies politic as to guard America.”

This ruling class — a phrase Mr. DeSantis has co-opted — consists of each the Republican and Democratic Social gathering institutions. In his telling, these elites have pursued an unpatriotic agenda: They’ve assigned the U.S. navy unwinnable and subsequently demoralizing missions, and have been too beneficiant to foreigners.

This psychological mannequin defines how Mr. DeSantis thinks in regards to the State Division and worldwide establishments just like the United Nations.

In a ground speech on Jan. 5, 2017, Mr. DeSantis referred to as for defunding the U.N. till the Safety Council revoked a decision condemning Israeli settlements as violations of worldwide legislation.

Mr. DeSantis derides the international coverage professionals on the State Division to such an extent that it’s troublesome to think about him assembly with them, not to mention listening to their recommendation. Mr. DeSantis has complained that the State Division is “Arabist in outlook” and “all in” with the Muslim Brotherhood.

To the fitting of Trump on Israel

Within the early days of the Trump administration, probably the most pro-Israel president in residing reminiscence wasn’t pro-Israel sufficient for Mr. DeSantis, who was nonetheless a congressman. On Jun. 1, 2017, Mr. DeSantis issued a press release condemning Mr. Trump for delaying a choice to maneuver the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem.

Public data present that Mr. DeSantis took solely three international journeys as a Home member and has taken one international journey as governor. All had been to Israel.

In March 2017, Mr. DeSantis flew to Israel and scouted potential websites for the U.S. Embassy to heap public stress on Mr. Trump to maintain his marketing campaign promise. Mr. DeSantis later pushed Mr. Trump to acknowledge the Golan Heights as Israeli territory — one other controversial transfer.

Mr. DeSantis has promised to be the “most pro-Israel governor in America” — a stance that helps him with each Jewish and evangelical constituents in Florida.

He has used his powers as governor to stress American corporations to drop their boycotts of Israel. He took on Unilever over the choice by considered one of its corporations, Ben & Jerry’s, to not promote ice cream within the occupied territories. Mr. DeSantis added Unilever to Florida’s “scrutinized corporations” listing, and Unilever reversed its choice. He used the identical tactic towards Airbnb — efficiently pressuring the corporate to reverse itself over eliminating listings in Israeli settlements.

As president, Mr. DeSantis wouldn’t be anticipated to dissuade Israel from annexing additional land. He has referred to the West Financial institution as “Judea and Samaria,” utilizing the biblical names for the territory utilized by right-wing Israelis.

Throughout his first yr in workplace, Mr. Trump briefly gestured at contemplating the Palestinian standpoint. He even hosted the Palestinian chief, Mahmoud Abbas, on the White Home. It’s exhausting to think about Mr. DeSantis doing the identical.

In early 2018, when Mr. Trump was nonetheless aiming for what he referred to as “the final word deal” between the Israelis and the Palestinians, Mr. DeSantis informed the Heritage Basis {that a} peace deal was not “price spending capital on.”

China superhawk

As governor, Mr. DeSantis has sought to limit Chinese language investments in Florida. His actions towards the Chinese language Communist Social gathering recommend that as president, his China coverage can be extra comprehensively aggressive than Mr. Trump’s. However he appears to care much less about commerce points than Mr. Trump did, and extra about safety issues.

Mr. DeSantis seems much less more likely to chase a Chinese language commerce deal, as Mr. Trump did for many of his presidency, and extra more likely to speed up efforts to dam Chinese language investments within the U.S., particularly within the high-tech and safety sectors. (President Biden has stored Mr. Trump’s China tariffs.)

In February, the DeSantis workplace introduced a proposal to ban TikTok and “different social media platforms with ties to China” from state authorities gadgets.

Mr. DeSantis has promised laws to cease folks or corporations with China ties from shopping for “agricultural land and lands surrounding navy bases,” and he plans to ban items to Florida universities from folks or corporations related to the Chinese language Communist Social gathering.

Political calculation and inconsistencies

Mr. DeSantis’s latest assertion that defending Ukraine was not a significant U.S. curiosity got here after CNN unearthed feedback he made in 2015 — which had been circulated by folks in Mr. Trump’s orbit — urging Mr. Obama to do extra to defend Ukraine towards Russia. As quickly as Mr. DeSantis pivoted, the Trump marketing campaign attacked him as a flip-flopping pretend.

If it was a politically calculated shift by Mr. DeSantis, it might not have been the primary.

On Sept. 9, 2013, Mr. DeSantis informed Fox Information that he accepted the Obama administration’s proof that the Syrian authorities had gassed its folks. However this, Mr. DeSantis argued, didn’t justify missile strikes towards Syria, which he mentioned risked escalating the battle.

Mr. DeSantis sounded totally different when the president firing missiles in response to Syrian fuel was Mr. Trump. In a Fox Information look on April 15, 2018, Mr. DeSantis mentioned, “The strikes did what they had been meant to do.”

Nor has Mr. DeSantis been fully constant in his Jacksonianism. Talking on a international coverage subject that’s politically potent in Florida, he can sound positively Wilsonian. He informed the Venezuelan folks in 2017, “We hear your cries of freedom.”

Mr. DeSantis inspired Mr. Trump — who ended up pushing unsuccessfully for regime change in Venezuela — “to use further stress on the Maduro regime.”